A Sukhoi Su-30MKI firing the indigenous Astra Air-To-Air missile
The defence industry has both praise and criticism for the proposed new Defence Production Policy 2018 (DProP 2018), a draft of which the government released on Friday
Suggestions have been invited by Thursday, after which the defence ministry intends to issue the finalised DProP 2018 within a month.
The draft policy sets out ambitious goals, including making India one of the world’s top five defence manufacturers and a global leader in cyberspace and artificial intelligence; achieving self-reliance by 2025 in complex weaponry like helicopters, fighters, warships, tanks, and missiles; raising defence exports to $5 billion annually by 2025, and producing defence goods and services worth $26 billion by that year to create employment for two-three million people.
Private defence industry has welcomed the announcement of explicit targets, but points out that close oversight would be needed to achieve them. “Overall it is a good policy, with a clear vision and timelines. But the key to its success lies in how vigorously it is implemented,” says Rajinder Bhatia, who heads Kalyani Group’s defence vertical.
“Industry welcomes the DProP’s push for Make In India. But its success will lie in its implementation strategy, with strict milestones, a periodic review mechanism, and ensuring accountability for non-compliance,” says Vivek Pandit of Ficci.
Incentivising R&D Investment
Noting that India is emerging as a “top destination for research & development (R&D) centres in the world,” the draft DProP 2018 proposes that this strength “be channelised for creating domestic (intellectual property) for defence needs.”
However, Jayant Patil, who heads Larsen & Toubro’s defence business, notes that R&D incentivisation across industry is falling. Earlier, there was tax exemption of 200 per cent of the R&D spend, which has fallen to 150 per cent currently, and will be just 100 per cent from 2020. Patil suggests: “There must be a higher targeted incentivisation for defence R&D and product development.”
Increasing Indigenisation
Increasing indigensation content in a product has always been an important component of Make In India, with DProP 2016 increasing the minimum indigenous content from 30 to 40 per cent.
Patil proposes that industry be offered incentives — such as price preference and purchase preference — for achieving indigenous content substantially higher than the specified minimum.
Level Playing Field
Industry executives insist that private firms can only enhance turnover and create jobs if there is a level playing field between the private and public sector – which includes eight defence public sector undertakings (DPSUs) and 40 ordnance factories (OFs).
Private firm executives say they are willing to compete with OFs and DPSUs, but the latter continue being privileged. As an example, private firms have been invited to manufacture 21 types of ammunition out of the 87 types required by the army, with all the remaining types reserved for OFs.
In December, the defence ministry permitted OFs to also bid for the 21 types assigned to the private sector, raising concerns that the OFs would cross-subsidise their bids from the huge assured orders already reserved for them.
Private executives also point to the recent tender for building lakhs of small arms (rifles, carbines, and light machine guns), in which 25 per cent of the order is reserved for OFs, which can also quote for building the other 75 per cent. “DProP 2018 must contain a formal commitment that orders will not be given on “nomination” to DPSUs and OFs, so that there is a true level playing field,” they say.
Several private executives want DProP 2018 to explicitly specify that the Department of Defence Production represents all defence producers in the country — both public and private — and will impartially foster their development.
Export
With India’s defence budget limited in its ability to absorb the planned levels of defence production, the draft DProP 2018 plans to export $5 billion in defence goods through assiduous marketing, offering lines of credit to buyer countries, setting up a Defence Export Organisation jointly with industry, and easing export clearances. Even so, there is scepticism within industry that exports can be scaled up fifteenfold in just seven years, from the current level of about $330 million.
“To boost defence exports to $5 billion, we need a body like Israel’s SIBAT, in which the military and the highest levels of government together facilitate arms sales abroad. The draft policy unfortunately limits itself to export promotion by DPSUs/OFs,” says Rahul Chaudhry of Tata Power (SED). Patil suggests DProP 2018 should mention export promotion initiatives — such as providing low-cost capital to defence exporters from the growing foreign exchange reserves — which could be detailed in separate export facilitation guidelines.